I too have a dream
I am happy to join with you tod
ay in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in
the history of our nation.
Five score years ago, a great American, in whos
e symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclaimation.
T
his momentous decree came as a great beacon of hope to millions of slaves, who h
ad been seared in the flames of whithering injustice.
It came as a joyous
daybreak to end the long night of their captivity.
But one hundred years l
ater, the colored America is still not free.
One hundred years later, the
life of the colored American is still sadly crippled by the manacle of segregati
on and the chains of discrimination.
One hundred years later, the colored
American lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of mat
erial prosperity.
One hundred years later, the colored American is still l
anguishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his
own land
So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition.
In a sense we have come to our Nation's Capital to cash a check. When the arc
hitects of our great republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution an
d the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which
every Anerican was to fall heir.
This note was a promise that all men, yes
, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed to the inalienable rights
of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
It is obvious today that Ame
rica has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are
concerned.
Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given i
ts colored people a bad check, a check that has come back marked "insufficient f
unds."
But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We r
efuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opport
unity of this nation.
So we have come to cash this check, a check that wil
l give us upon demand the riches of freedom and security of justice.
We ha
ve also come to his hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of Now
.
This is not time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the t
ranquilizing drug of gradualism.
Now is the time to make rea
l the promise of democracy.
Now it the time to rise from the dark a
nd desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice.
No
w it the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the
solid rock of brotherhood.
Now is the time to make justice a reality to al
l of God's children.
It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urge
ncy of the moment and to underestimate the determination of it's colored citizen
s.
This sweltering summer of the colored people's legitimate discontent wi
ll not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality.
Nineteen sixty-three is not an end but a beginning.
Those who hope that t
he colored Americans needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have
a rude awakening if the nation returns to business as usual.
There will be
neither rest nor tranquility in America until the colored citizen is granted hi
s citizenship rights.
The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the
foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges.
We can
never be satisfied as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel, cann
ot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities.
<
p>We cannot be satisfied as long as the colored person's basic mobility is from
a smaller ghetto to a larger one.
We can never be satisfied as long as our
children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their dignity by signs st
ating "for white only."
We cannot be satisfied as long as a colored person
in Mississippi cannot vote and a colored person in New York believes he has not
hing for which to vote.
No, no we are not satisfied and we will not be sat
isfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stre
am.
I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of your trials
and tribulations.
Some of you have come from areas where your quest for fr
eedom left you battered by storms of persecutions and staggered by the winds of
police brutality.
You have been the veterans of creative suffering.
Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive.
Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to South Carolina go bac
k to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our mode
rn cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed.
Le
t us not wallow in the valley of despair.
I say to you, my friends, we hav
e the difficulties of today and tomorrow.
I still have a dream.
It i
s a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.
I have a dream that one day
this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed.
We h
old these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal.
I have
a dream that one day out in the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves
and the sons of former slaveowners will be able to sit down together at the tabl
e of brotherhood.
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississipp
i, a state sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an o
asis of freedom and justice.
I have a dream that my four little children w
ill one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their
skin but by their character.
I have a dream today.
I have a dream t
hat one day down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having
his lips dripping with the words of interpostion and nullification; that one day
right down in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join ha
nds with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers.
I have
a dream today.
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be engul
fed, every hill shall be exalted and every mountain shall be made low, the rough
places will be made plains and the crooked places will be made straight and the
glory of the Lord shall be revealed and all flesh shall see it together.
This is our hope.
This is the faith that I will go back to the South with.
With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope.
With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphomy of brotherhood.
With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to climb up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.
This will be the day when all of God's children will be able to sing with new meaning "My country 'tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing.
Land where my father's died, land of the Pilgrim's pride, from every mountainside, let freedom ring!"
And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true. So let freedom ring from the hilltops of New Hampshire.
Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York.
Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania.
Let freedom ring from the snow-capped Rockies of Colorado.
Let freedom ring from the curvacious slopes of California.
But not only that, let freedom, ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia.
Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi and every mountainside.
When we let freedom ring, when we let it ring from every tenement and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old spiritual, "Free at last, free at last. Thank God Almighty, we are free at last."
Address to civil rights marchers by the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in Washington, D.C. on Aug. 28, 1963